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Politics

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Political System

Development of concept of Political System

 

Famous Books

Human Nature in Politics written by Graham Wallas, 1908

Arthur Bentley's book written by The Process of Government

 

Meaning of Political System

The term 'Political System' is related to power, rule and authority and organisation of these attributes in a systematic order.

 

Definitions of political system:

 

Robert A. Dahl:

A political System is any persistent pattern of human relationships that involves to a significant extent power, rule and authority.

 

Almond and Powell:

When we speak of political system, we include all interactions which affect the use of or threat to legitimate coercion.

 

David Easton:

Political System is a set of interactions abstracted from the totality of social behaviour, through which authoritative values are allocated for a society.

 

Main Characteristics of a political System

Persistent pattern of relationships

Comprehensiveness

Universality

Universality of political structure

Universality of political functions

Input and output functions

Existence of boundaries

Adaptability

Mixed character of political system

Multi-functionality of political systems

Environmental impact on the political system

 

General functions of political systems:

Growth of the capabilities of the system

Conversion process

System of maintenance and adaptation of functions

 

Difference between political system and State

Basis

State

Political System

Nature

Abstract concept

Concrete in nature

Constituent elements

Population, People, Government, Sovereignty

Political Behaviour, political institutions, political roles

Boundaries

State has territorial boundaries, it is generally permanent

Not so clear boundaries

Constitute

Mutual human relations

Political relations and political roles

Type

All States are identical

Political system are of different kinds

Interdependence

No presence of interdependence

Present in the political systems

Sovereignty

State has sovereignty

Political System is based on power, rule and Authority

Permanence

State is permanent

Political Authority keeps on changing (every five years)

Concept

Explanatory concept

Analytical concept

Organisation

Only formal and legal institutions

Both formal and informal organisations

Concept

State is an older concept

Political System is a Modern Concept

 

 

 

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