Politics

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Political System

Development of concept of Political System   Famous Books Human Nature in Politics written by Graham Wallas, 1908 Arthur Bentley's book written by The Process of Government   Meaning of Political System The term 'Political System' is related to power, rule and authority and organisation of these attributes in a systematic order.   Definitions of political system:   Robert A. Dahl: A political System is any persistent pattern of human relationships that involves to a significant extent power, rule and authority.   Almond and Powell: When we speak of political system, we include all interactions which affect the use of or threat to legitimate coercion.   David Easton: Political System is a set of interactions abstracted from the totality of social behaviour, through which authoritative values are allocated for a society.   Main Characteristics of a political System Persistent pattern of relationships Comprehensiveness Universality Universality of political structure Universality of political functions Input and output functions Existence of boundaries Adaptability Mixed character of political system Multi-functionality of political systems Environmental impact on the political system   General functions of political systems: Growth of the capabilities of the system Conversion process System of maintenance and adaptation of functions   Difference between political system and State Basis State Political System Nature Abstract concept Concrete in nature Constituent elements Population, People, Government, Sovereignty Political Behaviour, political institutions, political roles Boundaries State has territorial boundaries, it is generally permanent Not so clear boundaries Constitute Mutual human relations Political relations and political roles Type All States are identical Political system are of different kinds Interdependence No presence of interdependence Present in the political systems Sovereignty State has sovereignty Political System is based on power, rule and Authority Permanence State is permanent Political Authority keeps on changing (every five years) Concept Explanatory concept Analytical concept Organisation Only formal and legal institutions Both formal and informal organisations Concept State is an older concept Political System is a Modern Concept