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Union Parliament and State Legislature

 

Union Parliament

State Legislatures

Bicameral 

Mostly unicameral – only 6 states are bicameral

Article 79 to122 in Part V of the Constitution

Articles 168 to 212 in Part VI of the Constitution

If a bill is introduced in a House, and it passes it, then the other House can:

Pass the bill as it is.

Reject the bill altogether.

Pass the bill with some modifications and return it to the first House for reconsideration.

Nothing is done to the bill for 6 months, which means both Houses are in disagreement.

In this case, a joint sitting of both the Houses is convened and made, to break the constitutional deadlock.

Note: In the case of Money Bills, which are to be introduced only in the Lok Sabha, the Rajya Sabha has restricted powers.

The Legislative Councils (LC) have only advisory powers by and large.

They have lesser powers when it comes to law-making.

If a bill is introduced in the LC, which is passed by it, and it goes on to the Assembly:

The Assembly rejects the bill.

It passes the bill with some modifications which are unacceptable to the LC.

In both the above cases, the bill comes to an end.

However, if the bill originates in the Assembly, and it is either rejected or passed with modifications not acceptable by the LC, it does not come to an end.

There is no provision for a joint sitting of the Council and the Assembly. In the case of a disagreement, the decision of the Assembly is deemed final.

Note: Money bills can originate only in the Legislative Assembly.

Members: Lok Sabha: 552 (Max.)

                 Rajya Sabha: 250 (Max.)

Members: Legislative Assembly: Between 40 and 500

Legislative Council: Not more than one-third of the membership of the State Legislative Assembly, and cannot be under 40.

Election to the Rajya Sabha:

Members are elected by the elected members of the State Legislative Assemblies by means of proportional representation by means of a single transferable vote.

Election to the Legislative Councils:

Members are elected by five different constituencies through a process of the single transferable vote system.

⅓ of the members are elected by the local authorities’ representatives (Gram Panchayats, Municipalities, Block Parishads, etc.)

⅓ of the members by the MLAs.

1/12 of the members are elected by the teachers (of secondary schools, colleges, and universities) in the state.

1/12 are elected by the graduates in the state.

The remaining 1/6th are nominated by the Governor from persons having experience or knowledge in the fields of science, art, literature, social service, or cooperative movement.

 

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